Pemodelan Hubungan Antara Perubahan Desain, Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja, Dan Pembengkakan Biaya Pada Proyek Konstruksi Gedung

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and model the causal relationships among design changes, labor productivity, and cost overruns in multi-story building construction projects. The construction industry is frequently confronted with uncertainties that trigger design revisions during implementation, directly impacting labor workforce efficiency and budget escalation. Employing an explanatory quantitative approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to experienced construction professionals alongside project document triangulation. Data analysis and structural model testing were performed utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The analytical findings indicate that design changes exert a significant effect on the reduction of labor productivity and the escalation of project costs. Furthermore, labor productivity is proven to act as a significant mediating variable in bridging the impact of design changes on cost overruns. These findings emphasize that strict control over design changes and the preservation of labor workforce efficiency represent key strategic measures to ensure the financial success of building construction projects.